Since the 1950s, bariatric surgeries are surgical procedures performed with open methods. However, the greatest advances in bariatric surgery have been achieved in the last 20 years, when surgeons performed these operations with minimally invasive methods, namely laparoscopic or robotic methods.

In general, we can divide bariatric surgeries into two groups: restrictive and absorption-reducing. Restrictive surgeries cause a decrease in food intake and an increase in satiety after meals. Absorption-reducing surgeries, on the other hand, have an effect by reducing the absorption of calories, protein and other nutrients. The two most common surgical procedures today are sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass. Sleeve gastrectomy is a restrictive surgery.

However, gastric bypass is both restrictive and absorption-reducing surgery. Therefore, the most frequently performed surgical procedure in the United States is gastric bypass. Apart from these operations, duodenal swicth surgery with bilio-pancreatic diversion, especially in super obese patients, is a procedure that has metabolic effects as well as restrictive and aggressive malabsorptive effects.